P4-L04 · Water in the Arab World — Scarcity, Management and the Future

01

Retrieve · orient · prepare

Objectives and visible success

Today you will

Describe water scarcity and management with policy vocabulary.
Use يَنْبَغِي أَنْ، مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ، مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ + subjunctive.
Classify a subjunctive by its trigger: purpose, volition or necessity.
Write a water policy analysis combining all P4 structures.

You can show success when…

I put a fatḥa on the verb after these impersonal expressions.
I tell necessity (يَنْبَغِي) from volition (يَتَطَلَّبُ) and purpose (لِكَي).
I weigh a real risk (إِذَا) against a counterfactual (لَوْ).
I cite a report and use a لِكَي purpose clause.

Tick achievements as you secure them.

Retrieval bridge

Wake up previous learning

Answer four questions before opening the new language.

1Complete: يَنْبَغِي أَنْ ___ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

طَوَّرَتْتُطَوِّرَتُطَوِّرُ

2Which trigger is impersonal necessity?

يَخْشَى أَنْلِكَيْمِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ

3Which is a counterfactual (Type 2)?

تَسْتَثْمِرُ الدُّوَلُ.إِذَا اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ، سَتَقِلُّ الأَزْمَةُ.لَوِ اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ مُبَكِّرًا، لَكَانَتِ الأَزْمَةُ أَقَلَّ.

4What is the subjunctive marker after these expressions?

a final sukūna final fatḥaa final ḍamma

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02

Recognise · organise · retrieve

Vocabulary studio

The complete lesson-relevant language bank is organised by meaning and recycled in the activities below.

Water scarcity and management

نَدْرَةُ المِيَاهِ

water scarcity

حِصَّةُ المِيَاهِ

a water quota

إِدَارَةُ المِيَاهِ

water management

مِيَاهٌ جَوْفِيَّةٌ

groundwater

تَحْلِيَةُ المِيَاهِ

water desalination

إِعَادَةُ اسْتِخْدَامِ المِيَاهِ

water reuse

سَدٌّ

a dam

خَزَّانُ مِيَاهٍ

a water reservoir

أَمْنٌ مَائِيٌّ

water security

Necessity expressions (+ subjunctive)

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ

it is necessary that, should

+ subjunctive.

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ

it is essential that

+ subjunctive.

مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ

it is important that

+ subjunctive.

يُعَالِجُ

treats, processes

Form III; object.

يَسْتَخْرِجُ

extracts

Form X; object.

يُعِيدُ تَدْوِيرَ

recycles

Form IV; object.

حَقُّ الوُصُولِ إِلَى المِيَاهِ

the right to water access

تَعَاوُنٌ إِقْلِيمِيٌّ

regional cooperation

The three subjunctive triggers

غَرَضٌ: لِكَيْ

purpose: لِكَيْ

إِرَادَةٌ: يَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ

volition: يَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ

ضَرُورَةٌ: يَنْبَغِي أَنْ

necessity: يَنْبَغِي أَنْ

الفِعْلُ المَنْصُوبُ

the subjunctive verb

فَتْحَةُ النَّصْبِ

the subjunctive fatḥa

المُضَارِعُ المَرْفُوعُ

the indicative present

ends in ḍamma.

الزِّرَاعَةُ المُوَفِّرَةُ لِلْمِيَاهِ

water-efficient agriculture

الرِّيُّ الحَدِيثُ

modern irrigation

Vocabulary mission

Retrieve in both directions

Move between Arabic and meaning without relying on the order of the cards.

8 questions

1Choose the meaning of نَدْرَةُ المِيَاهِ

a water quotawater managementwater scarcity

2Choose the Arabic for “a water quota”.

مِيَاهٌ جَوْفِيَّةٌحِصَّةُ المِيَاهِإِدَارَةُ المِيَاهِ

3Choose the meaning of إِدَارَةُ المِيَاهِ

water desalinationwater managementgroundwater

4Choose the Arabic for “groundwater”.

مِيَاهٌ جَوْفِيَّةٌإِعَادَةُ اسْتِخْدَامِ المِيَاهِتَحْلِيَةُ المِيَاهِ

5Choose the meaning of تَحْلِيَةُ المِيَاهِ

water desalinationwater reusea dam

6Choose the Arabic for “water reuse”.

إِعَادَةُ اسْتِخْدَامِ المِيَاهِسَدٌّخَزَّانُ مِيَاهٍ

7Choose the meaning of سَدٌّ

a dama water reservoirwater security

8Choose the Arabic for “a water reservoir”.

أَمْنٌ مَائِيٌّيَنْبَغِي أَنْخَزَّانُ مِيَاهٍ

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03

Explain · notice · apply

Impersonal necessity and the full subjunctive system

الضَّرُورَةُ غَيْرُ الشَّخْصِيَّةِ وَنِظَامُ النَّصْبِ الكَامِلُ

يَنْبَغِي، مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ، مِنَ المُهِمِّ + أَنْ take the subjunctive; the three triggers (purpose, volition, necessity) are drawn together.

1Meaning

What does the structure communicate?

2Form

Which word or ending changes?

3Agreement

What must match the noun or person?

4Transfer

Can you use it with new vocabulary?

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ العَرَبِيَّةُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ تَحْلِيَةٍ أَكْثَرَ كَفَاءَةً

What to notice

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ + subjunctive تُطَوِّرَ.

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ فِي إِدَارَةِ المَوَارِدِ المُشْتَرَكَةِ

What to notice

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ + subjunctive.

تَعْتَمِدُ الزِّرَاعَةُ الرِّيَّ الحَدِيثَ لِكَيْ تُقَلِّلَ الهَدْرَ

What to notice

لِكَيْ purpose clause.

1

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ + subjunctive

It is necessary / one should.

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ

2

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ + subjunctive

It is essential.

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ

3

مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ

مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ + subjunctive

It is important.

مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ يُعِيدَ المُزَارِعُونَ النَّظَرَ فِي الرِّيِّ

4

Three triggers

لِكَيْ · يَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ · يَنْبَغِي أَنْ

Purpose, volition and necessity all take the subjunctive.

لِكَيْ تُقَلِّلَ (purpose)يَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ تَسْتَثْمِرَ (volition)يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ (necessity)

Trigger	Type	Example
لِكَيْ	purpose	لِكَيْ تُقَلِّلَ
يَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ	volition	أَنْ تَسْتَثْمِرَ
يَنْبَغِي أَنْ	necessity	أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ
مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ	necessity	أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ

1

Impersonal necessity always takes the subjunctive

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ (should develop — تُطَوِّرَ, subjunctive). مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ. مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ يُعِيدَ المُزَارِعُونَ النَّظَرَ. These impersonal expressions signal that the action is required but not yet certain, so the verb takes the fatḥa.

2

Three triggers, one mood

The subjunctive now has three triggers: purpose (لِكَي), volition (يَتَطَلَّبُ / يَخْشَى / يَرْجُو أَنْ) and necessity (يَنْبَغِي / مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ / مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ). All put the verb in the subjunctive — for a purpose, a wish or a requirement.

Grammar laboratory

Choose the form for a reason

Every answer checks a stated rule, change or agreement decision.

8 questions

1Complete: يَنْبَغِي أَنْ ___ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

تُطَوِّرَطَوَّرَتْتُطَوِّرُ

2Complete: مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ ___ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ.

تَتَعَاوَنُتَتَعَاوَنَتَعَاوَنَتْ

3Complete: مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ ___ المُزَارِعُونَ النَّظَرَ فِي الرِّيِّ.

يُعِيدَأَعَادَيُعِيدُ

4Which trigger is impersonal necessity?

يَخْشَى أَنْيَنْبَغِي أَنْلِكَيْ

5Which trigger is purpose?

يَنْبَغِي أَنْيَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْلِكَيْ

6Which trigger is volition?

مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْيَنْبَغِي أَنْيَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ

7Which is a real risk (Type 1)?

لَوِ اسْتَمَرَّتِ المُعَدَّلَاتُ، لَاسْتَنْفَدَ الخَلِيجُ.إِذَا اسْتَمَرَّتِ المُعَدَّلَاتُ، سَيَسْتَنْفِدُ الخَلِيجُ مَخْزُونَهُ.تَسْتَمِرُّ المُعَدَّلَاتُ.

8What is the subjunctive marker after these expressions?

a final sukūna final fatḥaa final ḍamma

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04

Build · transform · justify

Sentence-building and transformation studio

The guided builder develops flexible sentence construction. The three independent tasks then test different skills: grammatical transformation, meaning and coherence, and original sentence production.

Combinatorial builder studio

Build a water-policy argument from a necessity, a purpose clause and a reflection.

This guided builder accepts 27 accurate combinations. Build 3 different sentences, changing one meaningful chunk each time. Compare the grammar and meaning before moving to the independent tasks.

Sentence part 1Sentence part 2Sentence part 3

My generated sentence

اِخْتَرْ جُزْءًا مِنْ كُلِّ قَائِمَةٍ.

0/3 different sentences built.

Each necessity, purpose clause and reflection is accurate on its own, so any three different combinations work.

1

Transformation challenge

Fix the subjunctive after يَنْبَغِي أَنْ

Repair the verb after أَنْ.

Original sentence

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرُ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

أَنْ + مَنْصُوبٌ

Choose the best Arabic responseيَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.يَنْبَغِي أَنْ سَتُطَوِّرُ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.يَنْبَغِي أَنْ طَوَّرَتِ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

2

Transformation challenge

Fix the subjunctive after مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ

Repair the verb after أَنْ.

Original sentence

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنُ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ.

أَنْ + مَنْصُوبٌ

Choose the best Arabic responseمِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ.مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنْ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ.مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَعَاوَنَتِ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ.

3

Meaning and coherence

Which trigger is it? Purpose, volition or necessity

Pick the version that correctly labels each subjunctive trigger.

Communication purpose

Three sentences use the subjunctive: «لِكَيْ تُقَلِّلَ الزِّرَاعَةُ الهَدْرَ», «يَتَطَلَّبُ الوَضْعُ أَنْ تَسْتَثْمِرَ الدُّوَلُ», «يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ». Match each to its trigger type.

Choose the best Arabic responseلِكَيْ = غَرَضٌ، يَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ = إِرَادَةٌ، يَنْبَغِي أَنْ = ضَرُورَةٌ.لِكَيْ = ضَرُورَةٌ، يَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ = غَرَضٌ، يَنْبَغِي أَنْ = إِرَادَةٌ.لِكَيْ = إِرَادَةٌ، يَتَطَلَّبُ أَنْ = ضَرُورَةٌ، يَنْبَغِي أَنْ = غَرَضٌ.

0/3 purposeful tasks secured.

05

Read · understand · respond

Water Mission — The Full Subjunctive System

Put a fatḥa after the necessity expressions, classify each trigger, and keep the two conditionals distinct.

Arabic application challenge

Put a fatḥa after the necessity expressions, classify each trigger, and keep the two conditionals distinct.

Round 1♥ ♥ ♥ 0 points

06

Spot · explain · repair

Accuracy repair workshop

Strong learners do not only recognise an error: they identify the system and repair it.

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرُ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

After أَنْ the verb is subjunctive: تُطَوِّرَ.

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنُ الدُّوَلُ.

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ.

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ takes a subjunctive verb.

لَوِ اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ مُبَكِّرًا، سَتَكُونُ الأَزْمَةُ أَقَلَّ.

لَوِ اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ مُبَكِّرًا، لَكَانَتِ الأَزْمَةُ أَقَلَّ.

A Type 2 result takes لَـ, not سَـ.

Repair check

Preserve the intended meaning

6 questions

1Choose the accurate sentence.

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرُ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

2Choose the accurate sentence.

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنُ الدُّوَلُ.مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ.

3Choose the accurate sentence.

لَوِ اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ مُبَكِّرًا، لَكَانَتِ الأَزْمَةُ أَقَلَّ.لَوِ اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ مُبَكِّرًا، سَتَكُونُ الأَزْمَةُ أَقَلَّ.

4Complete: يَنْبَغِي أَنْ ___ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

طَوَّرَتْتُطَوِّرُتُطَوِّرَ

5Complete: مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ ___ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ.

تَتَعَاوَنُتَعَاوَنَتْتَتَعَاوَنَ

6Complete: مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ ___ المُزَارِعُونَ النَّظَرَ فِي الرِّيِّ.

يُعِيدَيُعِيدُأَعَادَ

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07

Predict · listen twice · verify

Listening: the water crisis

Read the questions first. Listen once for the main message and again for the exact detail.

1Predict

Which person, time, frequency, sequence, contrast or changed detail might you hear?

2First listening

Catch the speaker, setting and overall message.

3Second listening

Confirm the exact detail and reject close distractors.

Audio is coming soon.

1How much of the world's fresh water does the region hold?

HalfA quarterLess than one percent

2What is the real risk (Type 1)?

If current consumption continues, Gulf states will exhaust groundwater within decadesConsumption has stoppedGroundwater is unlimited

3What is the counterfactual (Type 2)?

Investment makes no differenceHad states invested in desalination early, the crisis would be less severeThe crisis is unavoidable

4What does necessity require of neighbouring states?

That they competeThat they cooperate in managing shared resourcesThat they do nothing

5Why should agriculture adopt modern irrigation?

For no reasonTo use more waterSo that it reduces waste

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Listening script

يُشَارُ إِلَى أَنَّ المِنْطَقَةَ العَرَبِيَّةَ تُعَانِي مِنْ أَشَدِّ أَزَمَاتِ المِيَاهِ فِي العَالَمِ. فَهِيَ تَضُمُّ أَقَلَّ مِنْ وَاحِدٍ بِالمِئَةِ مِنْ مَوَارِدِ المِيَاهِ العَذْبَةِ. إِذَا اسْتَمَرَّتْ مُعَدَّلَاتُ الاسْتِهْلَاكِ الحَالِيَّةُ، سَيَسْتَنْفِدُ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ دُوَلِ الخَلِيجِ مَخْزُونَهُ الجَوْفِيَّ خِلَالَ عُقُودٍ. وَلَوِ اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ فِي التَّحْلِيَةِ مُبَكِّرًا، لَكَانَتِ الأَزْمَةُ أَقَلَّ حِدَّةً. لِذٰلِكَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ سِيَاسَاتِ مِيَاهٍ مُتَكَامِلَةً. وَمِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ فِي إِدَارَةِ المَوَارِدِ المُشْتَرَكَةِ. وَمِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ تَعْتَمِدَ الزِّرَاعَةُ الرِّيَّ الحَدِيثَ لِكَيْ تُقَلِّلَ الهَدْرَ. وَأَكَّدَ خُبَرَاءُ الأُمَمِ المُتَّحِدَةِ أَنَّ التَّعَاوُنَ الإِقْلِيمِيَّ هُوَ الحَلُّ.

08

Preview · scan · prove

Reading: managing a scarce resource

Read once for meaning, then return to the exact Arabic evidence before choosing an answer.

1Preview

Identify the text type and likely purpose.

2Scan

Locate names, numbers, repeated words and question cues.

3Prove

Choose only an answer supported by the text.

تُعَدُّ المِيَاهُ أَخْطَرَ تَحَدٍّ اسْتِرَاتِيجِيٍّ يُوَاجِهُ العَالَمَ العَرَبِيَّ. فَالمِنْطَقَةُ تَفْتَقِرُ إِلَى مَوَارِدَ كَافِيَةٍ لِاسْتِدَامَةِ نُمُوِّهَا. يَخْشَى الخُبَرَاءُ أَنْ تَنْفَدَ المِيَاهُ الجَوْفِيَّةُ فِي بَعْضِ الدُّوَلِ. لِذٰلِكَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الحُكُومَاتُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ وَإِعَادَةِ الاسْتِخْدَامِ. وَمِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَعْتَمِدَ الزِّرَاعَةُ أَسَالِيبَ رِيٍّ مُوَفِّرَةً لِكَيْ تُقَلِّلَ الهَدْرَ. إِذَا تَعَاوَنَتِ الدُّوَلُ الإِقْلِيمِيَّةُ، سَتَحُلُّ مُعْظَمَ مُشْكِلَاتِهَا المَائِيَّةِ. وَلَوْ أُدِيرَتِ المَوَارِدُ بِحِكْمَةٍ مُنْذُ عُقُودٍ، لَمَا وَصَلَتِ المِنْطَقَةُ إِلَى هٰذِهِ النَّدْرَةِ. وَمِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ يُدْرِكَ الجَمِيعُ أَنَّ المَاءَ حَقٌّ لَا امْتِيَازٌ.

1How is water described?

AbundantA minor issueThe most serious strategic challenge facing the Arab world

2What do experts fear?

NothingThat there is too much waterThat groundwater runs out in some countries

3What does necessity require of governments?

To do nothingTo develop desalination and reuse technologiesTo use more water

4What is the counterfactual (Type 2)?

Management makes no differenceHad resources been managed wisely for decades, the region would not have reached this scarcityScarcity is unavoidable

5What is it important for everyone to realise?

That water is unlimitedThat water is a right, not a privilegeThat water is a luxury

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09

Model · rehearse · respond

Speaking: a water policy pledge

Use the model to notice the structure, then answer a randomly selected prompt without reading a full script.

Prompt bank

مَاذَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَفْعَلَ الدُّوَلُ؟ اِسْتَعْمِلْ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ.
مَا الضَّرُورِيُّ فِي إِدَارَةِ المِيَاهِ؟ اِسْتَعْمِلْ مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ.
مَا الهَدَفُ مِنَ الرِّيِّ الحَدِيثِ؟ اِسْتَعْمِلْ لِكَيْ.

اِضْغَطْ لِاخْتِيَارِ سُؤَالٍ.

Model exchange

A

مَاذَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَفْعَلَ الدُّوَلُ؟

Necessity

B

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ وَأَنْ تُعِيدَ اسْتِخْدَامَ المِيَاهِ.

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ + subjunctive

A

وَمَا الهَدَفُ مِنَ الرِّيِّ الحَدِيثِ؟

Purpose

B

تَعْتَمِدُ الزِّرَاعَةُ الرِّيَّ الحَدِيثَ لِكَيْ تُقَلِّلَ الهَدْرَ، وَلَوْ فَعَلْنَا ذٰلِكَ سَابِقًا لَوَفَّرْنَا الكَثِيرَ.

لِكَيْ + a Type 2

I answered the exact question. I used a complete Arabic sentence. I added a reason, detail or follow-up. I checked the target grammar.

Not yet marked complete.

10

Plan · draft · improve

Guided writing workshop

Write one hundred to one hundred and ten words analysing water in the Arab world. Use يَنْبَغِي أَنْ، مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ and مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ, both conditional types, a لِكَي purpose clause and a reported-speech clause.

Success checklist

The three necessity expressions, each with a subjunctive verb.
A Type 1 real risk and a Type 2 counterfactual.
A لِكَي purpose clause with the subjunctive fatḥa.
A reported-speech clause citing experts.

1 · content2 · target grammar3 · check and improve

Reveal an achievable model

يُشَارُ إِلَى أَنَّ المِنْطَقَةَ العَرَبِيَّةَ تُعَانِي مِنْ أَشَدِّ أَزَمَاتِ المِيَاهِ فِي العَالَمِ، إِذْ تَفْتَقِرُ إِلَى مَوَارِدَ كَافِيَةٍ لِاسْتِدَامَةِ نُمُوِّهَا. إِذَا اسْتَمَرَّتْ مُعَدَّلَاتُ الاسْتِهْلَاكِ الحَالِيَّةُ، سَيَسْتَنْفِدُ الخَلِيجُ مَخْزُونَهُ الجَوْفِيَّ خِلَالَ عُقُودٍ. وَلَوِ اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ فِي التَّحْلِيَةِ مُنْذُ السَّبْعِينِيَّاتِ، لَكَانَتِ الأَزْمَةُ اليَوْمَ أَقَلَّ حِدَّةً. لِذٰلِكَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُطَوِّرَ الدُّوَلُ سِيَاسَاتِ مِيَاهٍ مُتَكَامِلَةً، وَمِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ تَتَعَاوَنَ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ فِي إِدَارَةِ المَوَارِدِ المُشْتَرَكَةِ. وَمِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ تَعْتَمِدَ الزِّرَاعَةُ الرِّيَّ الحَدِيثَ لِكَيْ تُقَلِّلَ الهَدْرَ. وَأَكَّدَ خُبَرَاءُ الأُمَمِ المُتَّحِدَةِ أَنَّ التَّعَاوُنَ الإِقْلِيمِيَّ هُوَ الحَلُّ. فَالمَاءُ حَقٌّ لِلْجَمِيعِ.

Write in Arabic

0 words

Your work stays in this browser unless you clear it.

Not yet marked complete.

11

Retrieve · judge · transfer

Complete the lesson checkpoint

The final check mixes vocabulary, grammar and communication rather than repeating one exercise type.

Core

Write three sentences with يَنْبَغِي أَنْ, مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ and مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ.

Develop

Classify five subjunctives by trigger: purpose, volition or necessity.

Stretch

Write a full water-policy analysis using all three triggers and both conditionals.

1Complete: يَنْبَغِي أَنْ ___ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

تُطَوِّرَتُطَوِّرُطَوَّرَتْ

2Which trigger is impersonal necessity?

يَخْشَى أَنْلِكَيْمِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ

3Which is a counterfactual (Type 2)?

تَسْتَثْمِرُ الدُّوَلُ.إِذَا اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ، سَتَقِلُّ الأَزْمَةُ.لَوِ اسْتَثْمَرَتِ الدُّوَلُ مُبَكِّرًا، لَكَانَتِ الأَزْمَةُ أَقَلَّ.

4What is the subjunctive marker after these expressions?

a final ḍammaa final sukūna final fatḥa

5Complete: يَنْبَغِي أَنْ ___ الدُّوَلُ تِقْنِيَّاتِ التَّحْلِيَةِ.

تُطَوِّرُطَوَّرَتْتُطَوِّرَ

6Complete: مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ ___ الدُّوَلُ المُجَاوِرَةُ.

تَتَعَاوَنُتَتَعَاوَنَتَعَاوَنَتْ

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Complete the check to receive a next step.

Exit ticket

Record one secure achievement and one precise next step.

Today I can…Next I will practise…

Not yet marked complete.

Water in the Arab World — Scarcity, Management and the Futureالمِيَاهُ فِي العَالَمِ العَرَبِيِّ — النَّدْرَةُ وَالإِدَارَةُ وَالمُسْتَقْبَلُ

Objectives and visible success

Today you will

You can show success when…

Wake up previous learning

Vocabulary studio

Water scarcity and management

Necessity expressions (+ subjunctive)

The three subjunctive triggers

Retrieve in both directions

Impersonal necessity and the full subjunctive system

يَنْبَغِي أَنْ

مِنَ الضَّرُورِيِّ أَنْ

مِنَ المُهِمِّ أَنْ

Three triggers

Choose the form for a reason

Sentence-building and transformation studio

Build a water-policy argument from a necessity, a purpose clause and a reflection.

Water Mission — The Full Subjunctive System

Accuracy repair workshop

Preserve the intended meaning

Listening: the water crisis

Reading: managing a scarce resource

Speaking: a water policy pledge

Prompt bank

Model exchange

Guided writing workshop

Success checklist

Complete the lesson checkpoint

Show what you can now do

Exit ticket