P2-L08 · Reading — Education Texts · Miftah Arabic Lessons

Retrieve · orient · prepare

Objectives and visible success

Today you will

Answer R1–R4 comprehension questions on education texts.
Read the reporting verb as a signal of certainty and stance.
Distinguish a real إِذَا argument from a hypothetical لَوْ one.
Frame an inferential R3 question about a text.

You can show success when…

I locate the exact phrase that proves each answer.
I read أَكَّدَ as certain and اِدَّعَى as doubtful.
I tell whether a conditional is a real proposal or a counterfactual.
I distinguish mentioning a point from recommending it.

Tick achievements as you secure them.

Retrieval bridge

Wake up previous learning

Answer four questions before opening the new language.

1Which reporting verb signals doubt?

أَثْبَتَاِدَّعَىأَكَّدَ

2Which conditional is a real proposal?

لَوْ كَانَتِ المَدَارِسُ مُمَوَّلَةً، لَاخْتَفَتِ الفَجْوَةُ.لَوْ زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، لَتَحَسَّنَتِ النَّتَائِجُ.إِذَا اسْتَمَرَّ الاِسْتِثْمَارُ، سَتَتَقَلَّصُ الفَجْوَةُ.

3Complete: يَتَوَصَّلُ الكَاتِبُ ___ نَتِيجَةٍ.

عَلَىبِـإِلَى

4Choose the strongest critical reading.

كِلَا الفِعْلَيْنِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى اليَقِينِ.الشَّرْطُ بِـ«لَوْ» اقْتِرَاحٌ وَاقِعِيٌّ.«اِدَّعَى» تُظْهِرُ شَكَّ الكَاتِبِ، وَ«لَوْ» تُقَدِّمُ حُجَّةً افْتِرَاضِيَّةً لَا اقْتِرَاحًا.

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Recognise · organise · retrieve

Vocabulary studio

The complete lesson-relevant language bank is organised by meaning and recycled in the activities below.

Text types and structure

نَصٌّ تَحْلِيلِيٌّ

an analytical text

مُقَابَلَةٌ

an interview

تَقْرِيرٌ مُؤَسَّسِيٌّ

an institutional report

مَقَالُ رَأْيٍ

an opinion article

وِجْهَةُ نَظَرٍ

a point of view

حُجَّةٌ مُضَادَّةٌ

a counter-argument

مَرْجِعٌ

a reference, source

المَنْطِقُ الاِسْتِنْتَاجِيُّ

deductive logic

Reading verbs and skills

يَتَوَصَّلُ إِلَى

arrives at, concludes

Form V, fixed with إِلَى.

يَسْتَشْهِدُ بِـ

cites

Fixed with بِـ.

يَسْتَنْتِجُ

infers

Form X; direct object.

يُمَيِّزُ بَيْنَ

distinguishes between

يُشِيرُ إِلَى

refers to

Fixed with إِلَى.

يَذْكُرُ

mentions

يُوصِي بِـ

recommends

Fixed with بِـ.

دَلِيلٌ

evidence

Certainty in reporting verbs

أَكَّدَ

stressed (certain)

High certainty.

اِدَّعَى

claimed (doubtful)

Signals doubt.

اِعْتَرَفَ بِـ

conceded

Concedes a point.

أَوْضَحَ

clarified (neutral)

Neutral.

نَفَى

denied

زَعَمَ

alleged

Signals doubt.

مِصْدَاقِيَّةٌ

credibility

مَوْقِفٌ

a stance

Vocabulary mission

Retrieve in both directions

Move between Arabic and meaning without relying on the order of the cards.

8 questions

1Choose the meaning of نَصٌّ تَحْلِيلِيٌّ

an institutional reportan interviewan analytical text

2Choose the Arabic for “an interview”.

مَقَالُ رَأْيٍتَقْرِيرٌ مُؤَسَّسِيٌّمُقَابَلَةٌ

3Choose the meaning of تَقْرِيرٌ مُؤَسَّسِيٌّ

an institutional reportan opinion articlea point of view

4Choose the Arabic for “an opinion article”.

حُجَّةٌ مُضَادَّةٌوِجْهَةُ نَظَرٍمَقَالُ رَأْيٍ

5Choose the meaning of وِجْهَةُ نَظَرٍ

a point of viewa reference, sourcea counter-argument

6Choose the Arabic for “a counter-argument”.

مَرْجِعٌحُجَّةٌ مُضَادَّةٌالمَنْطِقُ الاِسْتِنْتَاجِيُّ

7Choose the meaning of مَرْجِعٌ

arrives at, concludesa reference, sourcedeductive logic

8Choose the Arabic for “deductive logic”.

يَسْتَشْهِدُ بِـيَتَوَصَّلُ إِلَىالمَنْطِقُ الاِسْتِنْتَاجِيُّ

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Explain · notice · apply

Reading signals: reported speech and conditional type

إِشَارَاتُ القِرَاءَةِ — الكَلَامُ المَنْقُولُ وَنَوْعُ الشَّرْطِ

A reading toolkit: use the reporting verb to judge source and certainty, and the conditional type to identify the writer's argument.

1Meaning

What does the structure communicate?

2Form

Which word or ending changes?

3Agreement

What must match the noun or person?

4Transfer

Can you use it with new vocabulary?

أَكَّدَ الوَزِيرُ أَنَّ الإِصْلَاحَ ضَرُورِيٌّ

What to notice

أَكَّدَ signals a confident, official source.

اِدَّعَى بَعْضُ المُنْتَقِدِينَ أَنَّ الإِصْلَاحَ فَشِلَ

What to notice

اِدَّعَى signals the writer's doubt.

لَوْ زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، لَتَحَسَّنَتِ النَّتَائِجُ

What to notice

A counterfactual argument, not a proposal.

Certainty from the reporting verb

أَكَّدَ (certain) · اِدَّعَى (doubtful)

The verb reveals how the writer weighs the claim.

أَكَّدَ الوَزِيرُ أَنَّ … → official, confidentاِدَّعَى المُنْتَقِدُونَ أَنَّ … → the writer doubts it

Own view vs cited view

reported source ≠ writer's own view

Reported speech often cites someone else, not the writer.

أَشَارَ التَّقْرِيرُ إِلَى أَنَّ … → the report's view, cited

Conditional type as argument signal

إِذَا (real) vs لَوْ (hypothetical)

إِذَا proposes; لَوْ argues a counterfactual.

إِذَا زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، سَتَتَحَسَّنُ النَّتَائِجُ → a proposalلَوْ زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، لَتَحَسَّنَتْ → a counterfactual

Mention vs recommend

يَذْكُرُ ≠ يُوصِي بِـ

Mentioning a point is not recommending it.

ذَكَرَ التَّقْرِيرُ الفَجْوَةَ (mention)أَوْصَى بِسَدِّ الفَجْوَةِ (recommend)

Reporting verb	Signals	Reading
أَكَّدَ	high certainty	confident source
اِدَّعَى / زَعَمَ	doubt	writer is sceptical
اِعْتَرَفَ بِـ	concession	admits reluctantly
أَوْضَحَ	neutral	explains plainly

The reporting verb signals certainty and stance

أَكَّدَ الوَزِيرُ أَنَّ … signals a confident, official source; اِدَّعَى / زَعَمَ بَعْضُ المُنْتَقِدِينَ أَنَّ … signals the writer's doubt; اِعْتَرَفَ بِأَنَّ … concedes a point. Reading this layer — not just what is said, but how confidently — is a core R3 skill.

إِذَا argues about the real; لَوْ argues about the unreal

إِذَا زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، سَتَتَحَسَّنُ النَّتَائِجُ proposes a real change. لَوْ زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، لَتَحَسَّنَتِ النَّتَائِجُ argues from a counterfactual — implying it did not increase. Spotting which type is used tells you what argument the writer is making.

Grammar laboratory

Choose the form for a reason

Every answer checks a stated rule, change or agreement decision.

8 questions

1Which reporting verb signals the writer's doubt?

أَوْضَحَاِدَّعَىأَكَّدَ

2Which signals a confident, official source?

أَكَّدَ الوَزِيرُاِدَّعَى بَعْضُهُمْزَعَمَ نَاقِدٌ

3«أَشَارَ التَّقْرِيرُ إِلَى أَنَّ…» presents whose view?

No one'sThe writer's own viewThe report's, cited by the writer

4Which conditional is a real proposal?

لَوْ زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، لَتَحَسَّنَتِ النَّتَائِجُ.لَوْ كَانَ الإِنْفَاقُ أَكْبَرَ، لَتَغَيَّرَ الوَضْعُ.إِذَا زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، سَتَتَحَسَّنُ النَّتَائِجُ.

5Which conditional is a counterfactual argument?

إِذَا اجْتَهَدْتَ، سَتَنْجَحُ.لَوْ زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، لَتَحَسَّنَتِ النَّتَائِجُ.إِذَا زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، سَتَتَحَسَّنُ النَّتَائِجُ.

6What is the difference between يَذْكُرُ and يُوصِي بِـ?

They are identicalOne is past, one is futureMentioning is not recommending

7Complete: يَتَوَصَّلُ الكَاتِبُ ___ نَتِيجَةٍ وَاضِحَةٍ.

إِلَىعَلَىبِـ

8Which is the strongest reading of «اِعْتَرَفَ الوَزِيرُ بِأَنَّ الفَجْوَةَ قَائِمَةٌ»?

The minister denies the gapThe minister concedes a problem he might prefer to denyThe minister is certain and proud

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Build · transform · justify

Sentence-building and transformation studio

The guided builder develops flexible sentence construction. The three independent tasks then test different skills: grammatical transformation, meaning and coherence, and original sentence production.

Combinatorial builder studio

Build a text analysis from a reporting-verb reading, a conditional-type reading and a stance judgement.

This guided builder accepts 27 accurate combinations. Build 3 different sentences, changing one meaningful chunk each time. Compare the grammar and meaning before moving to the independent tasks.

Sentence part 1Sentence part 2Sentence part 3

My generated sentence

اِخْتَرْ جُزْءًا مِنْ كُلِّ قَائِمَةٍ.

0/3 different sentences built.

Each reporting-verb reading, conditional reading and stance judgement is accurate on its own, so any three different combinations work.

Transformation challenge

Correct the certainty reading

Repair the claim about what اِدَّعَى signals.

Original sentence

«اِدَّعَى» تَعْنِي أَنَّ الكَاتِبَ وَاثِقٌ.

اِدَّعَى ← شَكٌّ

Choose the best Arabic response«اِدَّعَى» تُشِيرُ إِلَى شَكِّ الكَاتِبِ.«اِدَّعَى» تُشِيرُ إِلَى يَقِينِ الكَاتِبِ.«اِدَّعَى» تُشِيرُ إِلَى حِيَادِ الكَاتِبِ.

Transformation challenge

Separate mention from recommendation

Correct the inference about mentioning a point.

Original sentence

ذِكْرُ الفَجْوَةِ يَعْنِي التَّوْصِيَةَ بِسَدِّهَا.

ذِكْرٌ ≠ تَوْصِيَةٌ

Choose the best Arabic responseذِكْرُ الفَجْوَةِ لَا يَعْنِي بِالضَّرُورَةِ التَّوْصِيَةَ بِسَدِّهَا.ذِكْرُ الفَجْوَةِ هُوَ نَفْسُهُ التَّوْصِيَةُ بِسَدِّهَا.ذِكْرُ الفَجْوَةِ يَعْنِي إِنْكَارَهَا.

Meaning and coherence

Real or hypothetical argument?

Pick the reading that matches each conditional to the writer's argument.

Communication purpose

Text A writes «إِذَا اسْتَمَرَّ الاِسْتِثْمَارُ، سَتَتَقَلَّصُ الفَجْوَةُ». Text B writes «لَوْ كَانَتِ المَدَارِسُ مُمَوَّلَةً، لَاخْتَفَتِ الفَجْوَةُ». Match each conditional to the argument it makes.

Choose the best Arabic responseالنَّصُّ الأَوَّلُ يَقْتَرِحُ حَلًّا وَاقِعِيًّا بِـ«إِذَا»، وَالثَّانِي يُجَادِلُ بِحُجَّةٍ افْتِرَاضِيَّةٍ بِـ«لَوْ».النَّصَّانِ يَقْتَرِحَانِ حَلًّا وَاقِعِيًّا.النَّصُّ الأَوَّلُ افْتِرَاضِيٌّ وَالثَّانِي وَاقِعِيٌّ.

0/3 purposeful tasks secured.

Read · understand · respond

Critical Reading Mission — Verb, Certainty and Conditional

Judge the reporting verb's certainty, classify the conditional, and separate mention from recommendation.

Arabic application challenge

Judge the reporting verb's certainty, classify the conditional, and separate mention from recommendation.

Round 1♥ ♥ ♥ 0 points

Spot · explain · repair

Accuracy repair workshop

Strong learners do not only recognise an error: they identify the system and repair it.

«اِدَّعَى» تَعْنِي أَنَّ الكَاتِبَ وَاثِقٌ مِنَ الكَلَامِ.

«اِدَّعَى» تُشِيرُ إِلَى شَكِّ الكَاتِبِ فِي الكَلَامِ.

اِدَّعَى signals doubt, not confidence.

ذِكْرُ الفَجْوَةِ فِي التَّقْرِيرِ يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ أَوْصَى بِسَدِّهَا.

ذِكْرُ الفَجْوَةِ لَا يَعْنِي بِالضَّرُورَةِ التَّوْصِيَةَ بِسَدِّهَا.

Mentioning a point is not recommending it.

يَتَوَصَّلُ الكَاتِبُ بِنَتِيجَةٍ.

يَتَوَصَّلُ الكَاتِبُ إِلَى نَتِيجَةٍ.

يَتَوَصَّلُ is fixed with إِلَى.

Repair check

Preserve the intended meaning

6 questions

1Choose the accurate sentence.

«اِدَّعَى» تَعْنِي أَنَّ الكَاتِبَ وَاثِقٌ مِنَ الكَلَامِ.«اِدَّعَى» تُشِيرُ إِلَى شَكِّ الكَاتِبِ فِي الكَلَامِ.

2Choose the accurate sentence.

ذِكْرُ الفَجْوَةِ لَا يَعْنِي بِالضَّرُورَةِ التَّوْصِيَةَ بِسَدِّهَا.ذِكْرُ الفَجْوَةِ فِي التَّقْرِيرِ يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ أَوْصَى بِسَدِّهَا.

3Choose the accurate sentence.

يَتَوَصَّلُ الكَاتِبُ بِنَتِيجَةٍ.يَتَوَصَّلُ الكَاتِبُ إِلَى نَتِيجَةٍ.

4Which reporting verb signals the writer's doubt?

أَكَّدَاِدَّعَىأَوْضَحَ

5Which signals a confident, official source?

أَكَّدَ الوَزِيرُاِدَّعَى بَعْضُهُمْزَعَمَ نَاقِدٌ

6«أَشَارَ التَّقْرِيرُ إِلَى أَنَّ…» presents whose view?

No one'sThe writer's own viewThe report's, cited by the writer

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Predict · listen twice · verify

Listening: reading a report critically

Read the questions first. Listen once for the main message and again for the exact detail.

1Predict

Which person, time, frequency, sequence, contrast or changed detail might you hear?

2First listening

Catch the speaker, setting and overall message.

3Second listening

Confirm the exact detail and reject close distractors.

Audio is coming soon.

1What should you look at besides what is said?

Only the titleOnly the lengthHow it is said

2What does «أَكَّدَ الوَزِيرُ» convey?

A confident, official sourceA jokeThe writer's doubt

3What does «اِدَّعَى بَعْضُ المُنْتَقِدِينَ» signal?

AgreementThe writer's doubt about the claimCertainty

4Does reported speech always give the writer's own view?

No, it may report someone else'sYes, alwaysOnly in reports

5What does إِذَا present, versus لَوْ?

Both are past eventsBoth are commandsإِذَا a real proposal; لَوْ a hypothetical argument

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Listening script

عِنْدَمَا تَقْرَأُ نَصًّا تَعْلِيمِيًّا، لَا تَنْظُرْ إِلَى مَا يُقَالُ فَقَطْ، بَلْ إِلَى كَيْفِيَّةِ قَوْلِهِ. فَحِينَ يَكْتُبُ الكَاتِبُ «أَكَّدَ الوَزِيرُ»، فَهُوَ يَنْقُلُ مَصْدَرًا رَسْمِيًّا وَاثِقًا. أَمَّا حِينَ يَكْتُبُ «اِدَّعَى بَعْضُ المُنْتَقِدِينَ»، فَهُوَ يُشِيرُ إِلَى شَكِّهِ فِي الكَلَامِ. وَالكَلَامُ المَنْقُولُ لَا يَعْنِي دَائِمًا رَأْيَ الكَاتِبِ نَفْسِهِ، بَلْ قَدْ يَنْقُلُ رَأْيَ غَيْرِهِ. وَانْتَبِهْ لِنَوْعِ الشَّرْطِ: إِذَا تُقَدِّمُ اقْتِرَاحًا وَاقِعِيًّا، وَلَوْ تُقَدِّمُ حُجَّةً افْتِرَاضِيَّةً. وَمِيِّزْ بَيْنَ ذِكْرِ فِكْرَةٍ وَالتَّوْصِيَةِ بِهَا؛ فَقَدْ يَذْكُرُ التَّقْرِيرُ فَجْوَةً دُونَ أَنْ يُوصِيَ بِحَلٍّ.

Preview · scan · prove

Reading: two education texts

Read once for meaning, then return to the exact Arabic evidence before choosing an answer.

1Preview

Identify the text type and likely purpose.

2Scan

Locate names, numbers, repeated words and question cues.

3Prove

Choose only an answer supported by the text.

اِقْرَأِ النَّصَّيْنِ. الأَوَّلُ تَقْرِيرٌ وِزَارِيٌّ: «أَكَّدَتِ الوِزَارَةُ أَنَّ الإِصْلَاحَاتِ رَفَعَتْ نِسْبَةَ الالْتِحَاقِ، وَأَشَارَتْ إِلَى أَنَّ الفَجْوَةَ بَيْنَ المَنَاطِقِ مَا زَالَتْ قَائِمَةً. وَإِذَا اسْتَمَرَّ الاِسْتِثْمَارُ، سَتَتَقَلَّصُ الفَجْوَةُ.» وَالثَّانِي مَقَالُ رَأْيٍ: «يَدَّعِي بَعْضُ المَسْؤُولِينَ أَنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عَلَى مَا يُرَامُ، لٰكِنَّ الوَاقِعَ مُخْتَلِفٌ. لَوْ كَانَتِ المَدَارِسُ الرِّيفِيَّةُ مُمَوَّلَةً كَالمُدُنِ، لَاخْتَفَتِ الفَجْوَةُ مُنْذُ سَنَوَاتٍ.» النَّصُّ الأَوَّلُ مَصْدَرٌ رَسْمِيٌّ يَذْكُرُ الفَجْوَةَ وَيَقْتَرِحُ حَلًّا وَاقِعِيًّا بِـ«إِذَا». أَمَّا الثَّانِي فَيَسْتَعْمِلُ «يَدَّعِي» لِيُظْهِرَ شَكَّهُ، وَ«لَوْ» لِيُجَادِلَ بِمَا كَانَ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَحْدُثَ.

1What did the ministry stress in Text 1?

Reforms failedReforms raised enrolmentNothing changed

2What kind of conditional does Text 1 use?

No conditionalA counterfactual with لَوْA real proposal with إِذَا

3What does «يَدَّعِي» in Text 2 tell you?

The writer agrees fullyThe officials are certainThe writer doubts the officials' claim

4What argument does «لَوْ» make in Text 2?

A commandA counterfactual: the gap could have vanishedA real future plan

5How do the two texts differ in stance?

Both are official reportsText 1 is an official source proposing; Text 2 is a sceptical opinion arguingThey are identical

0/5

Model · rehearse · respond

Speaking: analyse a text aloud

Use the model to notice the structure, then answer a randomly selected prompt without reading a full script.

Prompt bank

مَا الفِعْلُ النَّاقِلُ فِي الجُمْلَةِ؟ وَمَاذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ؟
هَلِ الشَّرْطُ فِي النَّصِّ وَاقِعِيٌّ أَمِ افْتِرَاضِيٌّ؟
هَلْ يَذْكُرُ النَّصُّ الفِكْرَةَ أَمْ يُوصِي بِهَا؟

اِضْغَطْ لِاخْتِيَارِ سُؤَالٍ.

Model exchange

مَا الفِعْلُ النَّاقِلُ، وَمَاذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ؟

Reporting verb

الفِعْلُ «اِدَّعَى»، وَهُوَ يَدُلُّ عَلَى شَكِّ الكَاتِبِ فِي الكَلَامِ.

Names the verb and its signal

وَهَلِ الشَّرْطُ وَاقِعِيٌّ أَمِ افْتِرَاضِيٌّ؟

Conditional type

اِفْتِرَاضِيٌّ؛ فَـ«لَوْ … لَـ» تُجَادِلُ بِمَا كَانَ يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَحْدُثَ، لَا بِاقْتِرَاحٍ وَاقِعِيٍّ.

Identifies لَوْ as counterfactual

I answered the exact question. I used a complete Arabic sentence. I added a reason, detail or follow-up. I checked the target grammar.

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Plan · draft · improve

Guided writing workshop

Write eighty to ninety words analysing a short education text of your choice. Name one reporting verb and the certainty it signals, say whether the text's conditional is real or hypothetical, and distinguish one point that is mentioned from one that is recommended.

Success checklist

One reporting verb identified with its certainty signal.
The conditional classified as real (إِذَا) or hypothetical (لَوْ).
A distinction between a mentioned point and a recommended one.
A statement of the writer's overall stance.

1 · content2 · target grammar3 · check and improve

Reveal an achievable model

يَكْشِفُ النَّصُّ مَوْقِفَهُ مِنْ خِلَالِ أَفْعَالِهِ النَّاقِلَةِ. فَحِينَ يَكْتُبُ «أَكَّدَتِ الوِزَارَةُ»، فَهُوَ يَنْقُلُ مَصْدَرًا رَسْمِيًّا وَاثِقًا، أَمَّا «يَدَّعِي المُنْتَقِدُونَ» فَتُظْهِرُ شَكَّهُ. وَالشَّرْطُ فِي النَّصِّ الأَوَّلِ وَاقِعِيٌّ؛ فَـ«إِذَا اسْتَمَرَّ الاِسْتِثْمَارُ، سَتَتَقَلَّصُ الفَجْوَةُ» اقْتِرَاحٌ حَقِيقِيٌّ. أَمَّا فِي النَّصِّ الثَّانِي فَـ«لَوْ» تُقَدِّمُ حُجَّةً افْتِرَاضِيَّةً. وَأُمَيِّزُ بَيْنَ ذِكْرِ الفَجْوَةِ وَالتَّوْصِيَةِ بِسَدِّهَا؛ فَالتَّقْرِيرُ يَذْكُرُهَا وَيَقْتَرِحُ حَلًّا، بَيْنَمَا يَكْتَفِي المَقَالُ بِالنَّقْدِ. لِذٰلِكَ أَقْرَأُ النَّصَّيْنِ بِوَعْيٍ بِمَصْدَرِهِمَا وَمَوْقِفِهِمَا.

Write in Arabic

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Retrieve · judge · transfer

Complete the lesson checkpoint

The final check mixes vocabulary, grammar and communication rather than repeating one exercise type.

Core

Classify six reporting verbs as certain, doubtful or neutral.

Develop

For two sentences, say whether the conditional is real or hypothetical.

Stretch

Write an R3-style question requiring analysis of a conditional or reporting verb.

1Which reporting verb signals doubt?

اِدَّعَىأَكَّدَأَثْبَتَ

2Which conditional is a real proposal?

لَوْ زَادَ الإِنْفَاقُ، لَتَحَسَّنَتِ النَّتَائِجُ.إِذَا اسْتَمَرَّ الاِسْتِثْمَارُ، سَتَتَقَلَّصُ الفَجْوَةُ.لَوْ كَانَتِ المَدَارِسُ مُمَوَّلَةً، لَاخْتَفَتِ الفَجْوَةُ.

3Complete: يَتَوَصَّلُ الكَاتِبُ ___ نَتِيجَةٍ.

عَلَىبِـإِلَى

4Choose the strongest critical reading.

كِلَا الفِعْلَيْنِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى اليَقِينِ.«اِدَّعَى» تُظْهِرُ شَكَّ الكَاتِبِ، وَ«لَوْ» تُقَدِّمُ حُجَّةً افْتِرَاضِيَّةً لَا اقْتِرَاحًا.الشَّرْطُ بِـ«لَوْ» اقْتِرَاحٌ وَاقِعِيٌّ.

5Which reporting verb signals the writer's doubt?

أَكَّدَأَوْضَحَاِدَّعَى

6Which signals a confident, official source?

أَكَّدَ الوَزِيرُاِدَّعَى بَعْضُهُمْزَعَمَ نَاقِدٌ

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Exit ticket

Record one secure achievement and one precise next step.

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Reading — Education Textsالقِرَاءَةُ — نُصُوصُ التَّعْلِيمِ

Objectives and visible success

Today you will

You can show success when…

Wake up previous learning

Vocabulary studio

Text types and structure

Reading verbs and skills

Certainty in reporting verbs

Retrieve in both directions

Reading signals: reported speech and conditional type

Certainty from the reporting verb

Own view vs cited view

Conditional type as argument signal

Mention vs recommend

Choose the form for a reason

Sentence-building and transformation studio

Build a text analysis from a reporting-verb reading, a conditional-type reading and a stance judgement.

Critical Reading Mission — Verb, Certainty and Conditional

Accuracy repair workshop

Preserve the intended meaning

Listening: reading a report critically

Reading: two education texts

Speaking: analyse a text aloud

Prompt bank

Model exchange

Guided writing workshop

Success checklist

Complete the lesson checkpoint

Show what you can now do

Exit ticket