Miftah Grammar Mastery 06 · Pronouns with لِ and بِ · الضَّمَائِرُ مَعَ اللَّامِ وَالبَاءِ

Learning Objectives · أَهْدَافُ الدَّرْسِ

What you will be able to do by the end

Objectives

Attach all pronouns to لِ — with the fatḥah switch and the لِي exception Writing
Attach all pronouns to بِ — with the kasrah chain (بِهِ، بِهِمْ) Reading
Use لِ for having and giving: لِي أَخٌ، هَذَا لَكَ Speaking
Use the star phrases أَهْلًا بِكُمْ and مَا بِكَ؟ in conversation Listening

Success Criteria

🟢 I can say لِي، لَكَ، لَهَا، بِكَ and use لِي أُخْتٌ to say what I have.
🟠 I can build all twelve forms of each family — and explain why لِ becomes لَـ everywhere except لِي.
🟧 I can apply the kasrah chain (بِهِ، بِهِمَا، بِهِنَّ) and describe people with لَهَا / لَهُ.

Why this matters in the exam These two families carry enormous exam weight: لِي أَخَوَانِ وَأُخْتٌ is THE way to list your family in Speaking; أَهْلًا بِكَ opens every role-play; هَذَا لَكَ gives every gift; and Reading texts lean on بِهِ / بِهَا ("with it") constantly. You met لِي in the Age lesson and مِنْ فَضْلِكَ at the souq — today the whole system behind them unfolds.

Part 1 · الجُزْءُ الأَوَّلُ

The لِ family — to, for, and having — اللَّامُ

On its own, لِ carries a kasrah: لِمُحَمَّدٍ — for Muhammad. But the moment a pronoun jumps on, the lām straightens its back into a fatḥah: لَكَ، لَهَا، لَنَا. One single form refuses to change — the very first one.

Master Grid Twelve forms of لِ

for me ⭐لِيthe kasrah keeper

for usلَنَاfatḥah

for you · one m.لَكَfatḥah

for you · one f.لَكِfatḥah

for you · twoلَكُمَاfatḥah

for you · pl. m.لَكُمْfatḥah

for you · pl. f.لَكُنَّfatḥah

for himلَهُfatḥah

for herلَهَاfatḥah

for them · twoلَهُمَاfatḥah

for them · pl. m.لَهُمْfatḥah

for them · pl. f.لَهُنَّfatḥah

The superpower: "I have" 🎁 Arabic has no verb "to have" — لِ does the job:
لِي أَخٌ وَأُخْتَانِ. — I have a brother and two sisters.
لَنَا بَيْتٌ جَمِيلٌ. — We have a beautiful house.
لَهَا صَدِيقَاتٌ كَثِيرَاتٌ. — She has many friends. Literally "to me is a brother" — belonging expressed as direction. You've said لِي since the Age lesson!

Whose? Mine! 🔁 Lesson 2's lost-property question returns with its short answer:
— لِمَنْ هَذَا القَلَمُ؟
— هَذَا لِي! / هَذَا لَهَا. And gift-giving: هَذِهِ الهَدِيَّةُ لَكَ — this present is for you. Eid vocabulary, ready to go. 🌙

✍️ Quiz 1 — The Lām Line-up Score: 0/5

💬 Answers in the Teams chat first — then tap to check.

1. لِي ثَلَاثُ أَخَوَاتٍ means:

✔️ لِي = "to me" = I have. (And ثَلَاثُ أَخَوَاتٍ — the feminine flip from the Numbers strand, still on duty!)

2. "This gift is for you" (to your friend Maryam):

✔️ Addressed female → لَكِ. (لَهَا would be telling someone ELSE the gift is for her.)

3. Which form kept the original kasrah of لِ؟

✔️ Only لِي — the kasrah keeper. All eleven others straighten into لَـ.

4. لِمَنْ هَذِهِ الحَقِيبَةُ؟ — Fatima claims it:

✔️ The speaker claims → لِي. The perspective rule from Lessons 2–3, third appearance.

5. "They (the boys) have a big garden":

✔️ Spoken about + plural masculine → لَهُمْ. "To them is a garden" = they have one.

Part 2 · الجُزْءُ الثَّانِي

The بِ family — with and by — البَاءُ

Where لِ changed its vowel, بِ is stubborn: the kasrah stays put in all twelve forms. But that steady kasrah has a consequence — remember Lesson 2's "shy ḍammah"? Here it triggers on every ه-form: بِهِ، بِهِمَا، بِهِمْ، بِهِنَّ.

Master Grid Twelve forms of بِ

with meبِيkasrah

with usبِنَاkasrah

with you · one m.بِكَkasrah

with you · one f.بِكِkasrah

with you · twoبِكُمَاkasrah

with you · pl. m.بِكُمْkasrah

with you · pl. f.بِكُنَّkasrah

with him / it ⭐بِهِهُ → هِ !

with her / itبِهَاها unchanged

with them · two ⭐بِهِمَاهُ → هِ !

with them · pl. m. ⭐بِهِمْهُ → هِ !

with them · pl. f. ⭐بِهِنَّهُ → هِ !

What بِ does all day كَتَبْتُ بِالقَلَمِ → كَتَبْتُ بِهِ. — I wrote with it.
سَافَرْنَا بِالسَّيَّارَةِ → سَافَرْنَا بِهَا. — We travelled by it.
أَهْلًا وَسَهْلًا بِكُمْ! — Welcome, all of you! Tools, transport, and the warmest word in Arabic hospitality.

The caring question 💙 مَا بِكَ؟ / مَا بِكِ؟ — What's wrong? What's the matter with you? Literally "what is with you?" — the first thing a good friend asks. Answer: لَا شَيْءَ، أَنَا بِخَيْرٍ — nothing, I'm fine (literally "in goodness" — another بِ!).

✍️ Quiz 2 — The Bā Brigade Score: 0/5

👍 Watch the kasrah chain on the ه-forms!

1. Your guests arrive. You say:

✔️ You welcome people you're speaking TO → بِكُمْ. (بِهِمْ welcomes people who aren't in the room!)

2. "I wrote with it" (the pen, القَلَم):

✔️ After the kasrah of بِ, هُ flips to هِ: bihi. And قَلَم is masculine, so not بِهَا.

3. Your friend looks sad. You ask:

✔️ مَا بِكَ؟ — what's wrong? (بِكَمْ هَذَا؟ asks the PRICE — the souq's بِ from the Money lesson!)

4. "We travelled by it" (the car, السَّيَّارَة):

✔️ سَيَّارَة is feminine → "it" is ـهَا: bihā. The "it" superpower from Lesson 3 rides again.

5. Which form shows the kasrah chain in action?

✔️ بِهِمْ: the kasrah of بِ flips هُمْ → هِمْ. After fatḥah, لَهُمْ keeps its ḍammah; the ك-forms never flip at all.

Part 3 · الجُزْءُ الثَّالِثُ

The rules, side by side — القَوَاعِدُ

Three clean rules govern everything on this page — including the answer to last lesson's cliffhanger.

Grammar A Rule 1 — the lām straightens (except for me)

لِ → لَـ with every pronoun… except لِي لِمُحَمَّدٍ (kasrah before a noun) → لَكَ، لَهَا، لَنَا، لَهُمْ (fatḥah before a pronoun) → لِي (the one keeper) Why does لِي resist? The ي of "me" loves a kasrah before it — the same reason كِتَابِي ends -bī. The lām bends to the pronoun it carries.

Grammar B Rule 2 — the bā's kasrah chain

بِ never changes — so هُ must بِهِ · بِهِمَا · بِهِمْ · بِهِنَّ — but بِهَا stays (the ا shields it) Lesson 2's "shy ḍammah" (فِي بَيْتِهِ) was a preview; here it's the main event. After any kasrah, the هُ-family politely matches. The ك-forms and ـنَا never flip — only the ه-core listens.

Grammar C Rule 3 — no bodyguard needed

The cliffhanger answered 🔍 Last lesson: why رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي and not ✗ لِنِي؟ Because the guarding nūn protects verbs only. Prepositions behave like nouns — plain ـي, no bodyguard:
VERB: سَاعَدَنِي (nūn on duty) · NOUN: كِتَابِي · PREPOSITION: لِي، بِي (no nūn) Three homes, one family, and now you know the complete dress code for each. 🗝️

✍️ Quiz 3 — Rules Patrol Score: 0/5

🖥️ Which rule is each question testing?

1. "For us":

✔️ Rule 1 — the lām straightens to a fatḥah before pronouns: لَنَا. (Only لِي keeps the kasrah.)

2. "With them" (the two players):

✔️ Rule 2 — the kasrah chain: بِ + هُمَا → بِهِمَا. (After لَـ's fatḥah it stays لَهُمَا.)

3. Why is ✗ لِنِي impossible?

✔️ Rule 3 — no bodyguard off verb-duty. رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي was the proof all along. 🤲

4. Complete the pattern: لَهُ but بِـ___

✔️ Fatḥah keeps هُ happy (لَهُ); kasrah flips it (بِهِ). The vowel before decides.

5. In قُلْ هُوَ اللهُ أَحَدٌ… وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ, the لَهُ shows:

✔️ لَهُ — fatḥah lām, ḍammah intact. Surat al-Ikhlāṣ carries this lesson's grammar just as it carried Lesson 1's هُوَ. 🌟

Part 4 · الجُزْءُ الرَّابِعُ

Having & welcoming — المِلْكِيَّةُ وَالتَّرْحِيبُ

The two prepositions run two of the most useful conversations in Arabic: لِ lists what you have and describes people, and بِ welcomes guests and checks how they are. Here they are in full flow.

Grammar D The two everyday exchanges

"Tell me about your family" 🏡 — هَلْ لَكَ إِخْوَةٌ؟ (Do you have siblings?)
— نَعَمْ، لِي أَخٌ كَبِيرٌ وَأُخْتَانِ صَغِيرَتَانِ. (Yes, I have a big brother and two little sisters.)
— وَهَلْ لَكُمْ بَيْتٌ فِي المَدِينَةِ؟ (And do you have a house in the city?)
— لَا، لَنَا شَقَّةٌ قَرِيبَةٌ مِنَ المَسْجِدِ. (No, we have a flat near the mosque.)

Describing people with لَـ لِ also gives qualities and possessions to others:
لَهَا شَعْرٌ طَوِيلٌ. — She has long hair.
لَهُ صَوْتٌ جَمِيلٌ. — He has a beautiful voice.
لَهُمْ تَارِيخٌ عَظِيمٌ. — They have a great history.

Heritage link 🌟 These words fill your day: الحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ — praise be to Allah (لِ + اللّٰه); بِسْمِ اللهِ — with the name of Allah (بِ); أَهْلًا بِكُمْ at every door; and بِخَيْرٍ whenever someone asks how you are. Urdu shares the welcome too — āp kā khair maqdam — the same open-hearted بِ.

✍️ Quiz 4 — In Conversation Score: 0/5

👥 Pair round: act each exchange before tapping.

1. هَلْ لَكِ قَلَمٌ يَا سَارَةُ؟ Sara has one and replies:

✔️ Asked "do YOU have" → answers "I have" — the flip to لِي. Same perspective rule, fourth home.

2. لَهَا عَيْنَانِ جَمِيلَتَانِ means:

✔️ لَهَا = "to her" = she has. (And عَيْنَانِ — the dual again, for the pair of eyes!)

3. Welcoming two guests to your home:

✔️ Addressed + two → بِكُمَا. (Welcome uses بِ, never لِ; and بِهِمَا would be about absent people.)

4. الحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ uses which preposition, and why the kasrah?

✔️ Before a noun, لِ keeps its natural kasrah (لِلَّهِ). The fatḥah switch only happens before pronouns.

5. Your friend seems upset. The caring question:

✔️ مَا بِكَ؟ (what's wrong?) + بِخَيْرٍ (are you well?) — two caring بِs in one breath. 💙

Interactive Game · بَرِيدُ الهَدَايَا

🎮 The Gift Post — لِمَنْ؟ بِمَاذَا؟

Eid packages are flying through the post — each needs the right label. The card tells you the situation; you pick the correct لِ or بِ form. Watch the fatḥah switch, the kasrah chain, and the welcome rounds! Eight rounds. 👥 Breakout teams: the sorting office champions win.

Round 1 of 8 Score: 0/8

🎁 ➜ 🙋

This present is FOR ME

choose the form

Pick the correct label:

Part 5 · الجُزْءُ الخَامِسُ

لِ and بِ in the real exam — فِي الاِمْتِحَانِ

Three disguises: an Eid letter in Reading (having, giving, welcoming), have-you-got lines in Listening, and the family & hospitality questions in Speaking.

Task A · Reading 📖 An Eid letter — رِسَالَةٌ فِي العِيدِ

عِيدٌ مُبَارَكٌ يَا صَدِيقِي! أَهْلًا بِكَ فِي بَيْتِنَا غَدًا. لِي هَدِيَّةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ لَكَ — أَتَمَنَّى أَنْ تُعْجِبَكَ. عَائِلَتِي كُلُّهَا هُنَا: لِي أَخَوَانِ وَأُخْتٌ، وَلَهُمْ هَدَايَا لَكَ أَيْضًا! جَدَّتِي أَعَدَّتِ الحَلْوَى، وَسَتُرَحِّبُ بِكُمْ جَمِيعًا. هَلْ لَكُمْ سَيَّارَةٌ؟ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ، فَلَا تَقْلَقْ — سَنَأْتِي بِهَا إِلَيْكُمْ.

What does the writer have for his friend, and which words say so?
How many siblings does the writer have? Quote the لِ phrase.
Who else has gifts for the friend — and which pronoun proves it?
سَتُرَحِّبُ بِكُمْ — who is being welcomed, and is it "you" or "them"?
Detective: سَنَأْتِي بِهَا — what does بِهَا refer to? (Not a person!)

A beautiful gift — لِي هَدِيَّةٌ… لَكَ: "I have a gift… for you" (both prepositions in one line).
Three — لِي أَخَوَانِ وَأُخْتٌ (two brothers + one sister; the dual أَخَوَانِ counts as two).
The siblings — لَهُمْ هَدَايَا لَكَ: "they have gifts for you", ـهُمْ pointing back to them.
"You all" — بِكُمْ (addressed plural). Grandmother will welcome the friend's whole family.
The car — سَيَّارَة is feminine, so "we'll come with/in it" uses بِهَا. The friend's transport worry is solved!

Task B · Listening 🎧 Who has what?

Listen without looking first. Ask a partner or reader to say each line twice, then write who has it, who is welcomed or what is used.

🎧 Recorded audio.

Listening script

١. لِي أُخْتٌ وَاحِدَةٌ وَثَلَاثَةُ إِخْوَةٍ.
٢. أَهْلًا وَسَهْلًا بِكُنَّ يَا بَنَاتُ!
٣. هَذَا الكِتَابُ لَهَا، وَذَلِكَ القَلَمُ لَهُ.
٤. ذَهَبْنَا إِلَى السُّوقِ بِهَا — أَعْنِي الحَافِلَةَ.

1. The speaker has one sister and three brothers (لِي = I have). 2. A group of girls is welcomed — بِكُنَّ (addressed, all female). 3. The book is HERS (لَهَا), the pen is HIS (لَهُ) — fatḥah keeps both هُ intact. 4. They went to the market BY IT — the bus (الحَافِلَة, feminine → بِهَا).

Not yet marked complete.

Task C · Speaking & Writing ✍️ Your family & your welcome — دَوْرُكَ!

Excellent speaking-practice territory. Answer aloud 🎙️, then write, using at least four لِ/بِ forms.

Examiner prompts هَلْ لَكَ إِخْوَةٌ وَأَخَوَاتٌ؟ — Do you have brothers and sisters?
مَاذَا لَكَ فِي غُرْفَتِكَ؟ — What do you have in your room?
كَيْفَ تُرَحِّبُ بِضُيُوفِكَ؟ — How do you welcome your guests?

لِي أَخٌ كَبِيرٌ وَأُخْتَانِ صَغِيرَتَانِ. فِي غُرْفَتِي لِي مَكْتَبٌ وَرَفٌّ لِكُتُبِي. عِنْدَمَا يَأْتِي الضُّيُوفُ، أَقُولُ: «أَهْلًا وَسَهْلًا بِكُمْ!» وَأُرَحِّبُ بِهِمْ بِالحَلْوَى وَالشَّايِ. أُمِّي دَائِمًا تَسْأَلُهُمْ: «هَلْ أَنْتُمْ بِخَيْرٍ؟» I have a big brother and two little sisters. In my room I have a desk and a shelf for my books. When guests come, I say "Welcome!" and I welcome them with sweets and tea. My mum always asks them: "Are you well?"

💡 Count the prepositions: لِي ×2, لِكُتُبِي, بِكُمْ, بِهِمْ, بِالحَلْوَى, بِخَيْرٍ — having, giving and welcoming woven together. That texture is a top-band signature.

Not yet marked complete.

Homework · الوَاجِبُ المَنْزِلِيُّ

Choose your challenge

Pick one level. Due next lesson via Teams Assignments. ✍️

🟢 Mild

Make a two-column chart: all twelve لِ forms beside all twelve بِ forms, fully vowelled — highlight لِي (the kasrah keeper) and every بِهِ-type flip in a different colour.

🟠 Spicy

Write ten sentences: five saying what you and your family have (لِ) and five welcoming guests or naming tools/transport (بِ) — include one مَا بِكَ؟ exchange and at least one kasrah-chain form.

🟧 Hot

Write an Eid welcome letter «أَهْلًا بِكُمْ» in the style of the reading text: invite a friend's family, list what you have for them, and welcome them warmly — at least ten لِ/بِ forms, each underlined and labelled (family · rule).

Plenary · الخَاتِمَةُ

Review, consolidate, and finish 🏆

Eight questions, all mixed. 6+ = success criteria met. 💬 Scores in the chat!

Exit Ticket · Final Quiz — everything, mixed Score: 0/8

First try counts. Bismillah!

1. "For her":

✔️ Lām straightens to fatḥah before a pronoun → لَهَا. (بِهَا = "with her".)

2. "With him":

✔️ The kasrah chain flips هُ → هِ: bihi. (لَهُ = "for him", with fatḥah keeping the ḍammah.)

3. "I have two brothers":

✔️ لِي keeps its kasrah + the dual أَخَوَانِ. Having, counted precisely.

4. You welcome a group of women:

✔️ Addressed + all-female group → بِكُنَّ. The ك-forms never flip their vowel.

5. Why لِي but سَاعَدَنِي؟

✔️ The bodyguard guards verbs only. Prepositions take plain ـي — رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي proves it. 🗝️

6. مَا بِكِ يَا أُخْتِي؟ asks:

✔️ مَا بِكِ؟ — the caring question, with ـكِ for a female. 💙

7. Three homes for one family. ـهُ appears as ___ on a verb, ___ after لَـ, and ___ after بِ:

✔️ Verb & fatḥah-lām keep هُ; only بِ's kasrah flips it to هِ. The vowel before is the whole story.

8. Which pair means the SAME kind of thing (both "having")?

✔️ لِ + person = possession: "I have a house", "she has a garden". بِ does welcoming and instruments, not having.