Use the chapter at the depth you need
Core
- Recognise the 14 Sun letters.
- Recognise the 14 Moon letters.
- Pronounce الـ correctly in common words.
Develop
- Apply assimilation with shadda.
- Read words without transliteration.
- Sort unfamiliar words accurately.
Stretch
- Explain phonetic assimilation.
- Analyse connected speech.
- Repair spelling and pronunciation errors.
One written article, two pronunciation patterns
Sun pattern
The ل is not heard. The Sun letter is doubled.
Moon pattern
The ل is clearly pronounced.
Core concept check
The 14 Sun letters
| Word | Pronunciation pattern | What to notice |
|---|---|---|
| التُّفَّاحُ | at-tuffāḥ | Shadda on ت. |
| الثَّلْجُ | ath-thalj | Shadda on ث. |
| الدَّرْسُ | ad-dars | Shadda on د. |
| الرَّجُلُ | ar-rajul | Shadda on ر. |
| الشَّارِعُ | ash-shāriʿ | Shadda on ش. |
| النَّاسُ | an-nās | Shadda on ن. |
Sun-letter practice
The 14 Moon letters
| Word | Pronunciation pattern | What to notice |
|---|---|---|
| الأَبُ | al-ab | The ل is heard. |
| البَيْتُ | al-bayt | No shadda on ب. |
| الجَبَلُ | al-jabal | The ل remains clear. |
| القَلَمُ | al-qalam | Qāf is a Moon letter. |
| المَدْرَسَةُ | al-madrasah | Mīm is a Moon letter. |
| اليَوْمُ | al-yawm | Yāʾ is a Moon letter. |
Moon-letter practice
Why the shadda matters
The shadda tells the reader that a consonant is doubled. With Sun letters, it represents the assimilation of the ل sound into the next consonant.
Without article
shamsun
With article
ash-shamsu
What changed?
The ش is geminated.
Shadda check
Add the definite article and choose the pronunciation
Choose a noun
Read mixed Sun and Moon words
Reading check
Listen, speak, read and write with the pattern
Listening — classify the word
Listen without looking. Ask a partner or reader to say each noun twice, then label it Sun or Moon in the same order.
Listening script
الشَّارِعُ · البَيْتُ · النَّاسُ · القَمَرُ · السَّمَاءُ · المَطْعَمُ · الرَّجُلُ · الكِتَابُ · الطَّائِرَةُ · الوَلَدُ
Check answers
Sun · Moon · Sun · Moon · Sun · Moon · Sun · Moon · Sun · Moon.
Write the ten Sun or Moon classifications on paper in order, then return here to check and mark the task complete.
Speaking — pronunciation chain
Say each word twice:
- slowly and carefully;
- naturally in a phrase.
Reading — colour-code
Copy six words. Underline the article. Circle the first root letter. Add a shadda only where needed.
Copy and annotate the six words on paper. Underline the article, circle the first root letter and add shadda only where needed.
Writing — mixed paragraph
Write 6–8 sentences using at least four Sun-letter nouns and four Moon-letter nouns.
Word count: 0
Write the 6–8 sentence paragraph on paper, check that it contains at least four Sun-letter nouns and four Moon-letter nouns, then return here to mark it complete.
Practise Sun and Moon letters through sorting, shadda repair and timed challenges.
Common mistakes and how to repair them
Shīn is a Sun letter.
The ل remains in the spelling.
Qāf is a Moon letter.
Nūn is a Sun letter.
Final mastery check
Sun and Moon Letters Review
🎉 Script Mastery 02 complete
If you can do these confidently, you have mastered this chapter:
- ✅ recognise all 14 Sun letters;
- ✅ recognise all 14 Moon letters;
- ✅ pronounce the definite article correctly;
- ✅ use shadda with Sun letters;
- ✅ keep the article in spelling;
- ✅ read mixed words without relying on transliteration;
- ⭐ complete the Script Playground challenges.