See · say · select
Work with one family at a time and use the mouth cues.
Learning outcomes
By the end of this lesson أَهْدَافُ التَّعَلُّمِ
Recognition comes first, then sound contrast, long-vowel building and independent application.
Contrast and justify
Explain the visual or sound clue behind each choice.
Decode new patterns
Build unfamiliar syllables and locate vowel carriers in words.
Refine formal accuracy
Label articulation and distinguish MSA sounds from familiar dialect realisations.
Route overview
This Lesson’s Journey
Eight new letters
Name ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك and use shape and dot clues.
Go to Parts 1–2 →Make useful contrasts
Keep plain and emphatic sounds distinct; attempt throat sounds without strain.
Go to pronunciation →Read three long vowels
Combine a consonant and matching vowel pattern to make /ā/, /ū/ and /ī/.
Go to long vowels →Sort, read and explain
Apply the rules in games, formation checks and a final mastery quiz.
Go to practice →Retrieve before adding
F1-L02 readiness check مُرَاجَعَةٌ سَرِيعَةٌ
Use four short questions to find and repair any gap before the new sequence.
Four-question retrieval
Answer once, read the feedback, then reset if you need another attempt.
1. Which letter ended the previous lesson?
2. What happens after د?
3. Select dhāl, the dotted partner of dāl.
4. Is ص a sun or moon letter?
Decision point: 3–4 correct → continue. 0–2 correct → revisit
the L02 letter families and connection rule, then retry.
1
Part 1 · Darker resonance
Meet ض، ط، ظ and hear the contrast
These are emphatic consonants in Modern Standard Arabic. Keep the sound focused; louder is not more accurate.
Listening practice · plain or emphatic?
🎧 Recorded audio.
Listen to each pair twice. Write P for the plain consonant and E for the emphatic consonant in the order heard.
Type P or E for each sound in the order heard before checking.
Write P or E with a mouse, finger or pen. Handwriting is not recognised or scored automatically.
Complete this task on paper, then return here to check or record your result.
Listening script
دَ، ضَ. تَ، طَ. ذَ، ظَ.
Check answers
P then E in every pair: دَ / ضَ · تَ / طَ · ذَ / ظَ.
Not yet marked complete.
one dot above · connector
/dˤ/
no dot · connector
/tˤ/
one dot above · connector
/ðˤ/
Articulation cues
ض
Start from /d/, then add emphatic resonance.
tongue contactback of tongue raised
tongue contactback of tongue raised
ط
Start from /t/, but make it emphatic and unaspirated.
firm /t/no English puff
firm /t/no English puff
ظ
For careful MSA, begin from /ð/ as in “this,” then add emphasis.
tongue at teethdarker resonance
tongue at teethdarker resonance
Plain versus emphatic
دplain /d/
↔
ضemphatic /dˤ/
تplain /t/
↔
طemphatic /tˤ/
ذplain /ð/
↔
ظemphatic /ðˤ/
2
Part 2 · One family, two sounds
The ع، غ family
The base shape is shared. The dot above changes ʿayn into ghayn.
ʿayn
no dot · connector
/ʕ/
A voiced pharyngeal sound. Gently narrow the throat and keep the voice on.
ghayn
one dot above · connector
/ɣ/
A voiced friction sound made toward the back of the mouth, similar to a voiced خ.
Safe practice ladder
- Listen: decide whether the model is ع or غ.
- Watch: notice that neither sound requires squeezing or coughing.
- Echo softly: copy a short vowel sequence after a verified model.
- Stop if uncomfortable: accuracy develops gradually; throat strain is not a learning target.
Heritage comparison: familiar dialect pronunciation is
valuable evidence, but the assessed classroom model here is careful Modern Standard Arabic. Describe
variation without labelling a home variety “wrong”.
3
Part 3 · Complete letters 15–22
Distinguish ف، ق، ك
Use the whole shape, the number of dots and the sound. All eight letters in this lesson can connect on both sides when neighbours permit.
one dot above
/f/
Lower lip gently meets the upper teeth.
two dots above
/q/
A voiceless stop made farther back than ك.
distinctive kāf mark
/k/
Like the /k/ in “skin,” with no extra vowel after it.
Game · Letter Detective
Combine shape, dots and sound instead of relying on one clue.
⌕Press start
4
Part 4 · Hold the sound
How Arabic builds long vowels الحَرَكَاتُ الطَّوِيلَةُ
A long vowel lasts roughly twice as long as its short partner. The carrier is a written letter, but it works as a long vowel only in the right pattern.
Precise rule: ا, و and ي are not automatically long vowels
wherever they appear. In the beginner patterns below, the preceding short vowel must match the carrier.
| Long sound | Build it | Model | Read it | Key idea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /ā/ as in a held “a” | fatḥa + alif | بَ + ا ← بَا | bā /baː/ | The alif lengthens the preceding /a/. |
| /ū/ as in a held “oo” | ḍamma + wāw | بُ + و ← بُو | bū /buː/ | The wāw lengthens the preceding /u/. |
| /ī/ as in a held “ee” | kasra + yāʾ | بِ + ي ← بِي | bī /biː/ | The yāʾ lengthens the preceding /i/. |
The short-vowel marks are previewed here only to make the contrast visible; F1-L04 teaches their names and use in full. In ordinary fully vowelled spelling, the long-vowel carrier itself usually has no short-vowel mark.
/baːb/
First alif carries /ā/.
/suːq/
Wāw carries /ū/.
/kabiːr/
Yāʾ carries /ī/.
Contrast the timing
بَba · one
beat↔بَاbā · two beats
بُbu · one
beat↔بُوbū · two beats
بِbi · one
beat↔بِيbī · two beats
Dual-role preview
و can represent long /ū/ or the consonant /w/. ي can represent long /ī/ or the consonant /j/ (“y”). Context and vowel pattern decide the role.
Do not assess the full consonant roles yet: both letters are formally taught in F1-L04.
Game · One Beat or Two?
Say the pattern softly, then classify its timing.
؟Press start
5
Part 5 · Make learning visible
Sort, form, read and explain تَدَرَّبْ وَطَبِّقْ
Use the demonstrated formation sequence. Printed glyphs show the finished shape, not a complete stroke sequence.
Game · Sound Laboratory
Sort by the teaching group used in this lesson.
؟Press start
Isolated formation tracker
After watching a verified model, write each letter four times. Tick only when the baseline, dots and proportions are controlled.
Type, write or draw the eight isolated forms after studying a verified model.
Write with a mouse, finger or pen. Handwriting is not recognised or scored automatically.
Complete this task on paper, then return here to check or record your result.
ض
ط
ظ
ع
غ
ف
ق
ك
Partner echo
A reads one model; B identifies the letter or vowel length, then explains the clue. Swap after six turns.
Build and read
Choose a learned consonant and build three patterns: ـَا، ـُو، ـِي. Your partner reads them aloud.
Heritage precision
Create a six-item minimal-contrast drill and annotate each target with IPA or an articulation cue.
✓
Independent evidence
Final mastery check تَقْيِيمٌ خِتَامِيٌّ
The feedback names the rule so every response can become a learning moment.
Ten-item final check
Aim for 8/10 or better before moving to F1-L04.
1. Which letter begins today’s corrected sequence?
2. Select the dotted partner of ط.
3. Which letter is ghayn?
4. Which letter has two dots above?
5. What is true of today’s eight letters?
6. Which carrier builds long /ā/ in the beginner pattern?
7. Which carrier builds long /ū/?
8. Which carrier builds long /ī/?
9. Which pattern contains a long vowel?
10. Are و and ي always long vowels?
Reflection
This note stays only while the page is open.
Not yet marked complete.
Homework: write ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك
four times each from a verified model. Then build and read three long-vowel rows using two learned
consonants: ـَا، ـُو، ـِي.
Can-do exit ticket
Not yet marked complete.